Cambodia Reports New Human Cases Of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus

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Cambodia Reports New Human Cases of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus

16th Feb 2024 by Admin 205

Learn about the latest developments in avian influenza in Cambodia, including confirmed human infections with H5N1. Stay informed on the risks, symptoms, and preventive measures.

Avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu, remains a global health concern. Recently, Cambodia has witnessed a resurgence of cases, raising alarm bells for health authorities. In this article, we delve into the details of the recent outbreaks, their impact, and the measures being taken to curb the spread.

The Recent Outbreaks

Between 26 and 28 January 2024, Cambodia’s National Focal Point (NFP) for the International Health Regulations (IHR) notified the World Health Organization (WHO) of two confirmed cases of human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus¹. These cases were reported from Kampong Trabek district, Prey Veng province, and Puok district, Siem Reap province. Notably, these are the first two cases of human infection with H5N1 reported in Cambodia in 2024.

The first case involved a 3-year-old child from Kampong Trabek district. The patient developed symptoms on 13 January 2024 and was admitted to the hospital with high fever, cough, and runny nose. Exposure to sick poultry was identified as a risk factor. The second case, a 69-year-old individual from Puok district, had pre-existing hypertension and exhibited symptoms including fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Both cases tested positive for H5N1 through quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and were confirmed by the Institut Pasteur du Cambodge (IPC).

Historical Context

Cambodia has a history of dealing with avian influenza. In December 2003, the country reported its first outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1, affecting wild birds. Subsequently, sporadic human cases due to poultry-to-human transmission were reported until 2014. After a gap, 2023 saw a resurgence with two cases each reported in February, October, and November.

Understanding H5N1 Infection

Severity: H5N1 infection in humans can cause severe disease with a high mortality rate.
Transmission: Exposure to infected birds/poultry remains the primary mode of transmission.
Notifiable Under IHR: H5N1 is a notifiable disease under the International Health Regulations (2005).

Preventive Measures

Avoid Contact with Sick Poultry: Individuals should minimize contact with sick or dead birds.
Proper Hygiene: Regular handwashing and hygiene practices are crucial.
Early Detection: Promptly report any symptoms suggestive of avian influenza.
Surveillance: Sentinel surveillance systems play a vital role in early detection.

Conclusion

As Cambodia grapples with the resurgence of avian influenza, vigilance is paramount. Public awareness, timely reporting, and adherence to preventive measures are essential to mitigate the risks. Let us stay informed and united in our efforts to combat this viral threat.

Disclaimer: This article is intended for informational purposes only. The content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.